Cross-sectional average velocity predictions for double-layered vegetated open channels incorporating vegetation sheltering and blockage effects

Key Points

• Velocity predictions show significant influence from vegetation sheltering and blockage effects on flow dynamics.
• Key findings demonstrate that factors like vegetation density and arrangement significantly alter average velocity measurements.
• Observational analysis explores vegetation interactions within double-layered channels to assess their impact on water flow characteristics.
• Implications indicate a need for integrated designs in channel systems to optimize flow efficiency based on vegetation effects.