Performance enhancement of heat pipes using nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids: mechanisms, configurations, and future prospects

Key Points

• Enhanced thermal conductivity is achieved using nanofluids, improving overall efficiency.
• Using hybrid nanofluids results in up to 40% better performance compared to conventional fluids.
• Assessment of multiple configurations was conducted to evaluate their effects on heat transfer capabilities.
• The findings may enable the design of more efficient cooling systems, with practical applications in engineering.