Surface seismic amplification in the presence of underground tunnels with an overlying tire-derived aggregate layer

Key Points

• Seismic amplification occurs due to the presence of underground tunnels and a tire-derived aggregate layer, impacting ground motion responses.
• The study highlights significant wave propagation effects, with heightened amplification observed near tunnel areas and ground layering.
• Analysis of seismic data indicated increased amplification levels, which can influence construction and urban planning near tunnels.
• The findings emphasize the need for updated seismic design standards in areas with similar geological conditions.