Hydrothermal carbonization of agro-industrial pomaces: Evaluating operational factors for realistic applications

Key Points

• The process yields biochar that improves soil quality, and efficiency is key for practical applications.
• Biochar production was influenced by temperature and residence time, with optimal conditions highlighted for efficiency.
• Assessment using hydrothermal carbonization explores various operational factors impacting biomass conversion.
• Supports the potential for agro-industrial waste to be repurposed, promoting sustainable practices in agriculture.