Activation of sugarcane bagasse and coconut shell biochar using H₃PO₄, KOH and ZnCl₂ for adsorption performance optimised through GRA technique

Key Points

• Biochar produced from sugarcane bagasse and coconut shell achieved improved adsorption capacity.
• The activation agents used, H₃PO₄, KOH, and ZnCl₂, significantly enhanced the biochar's performance.
• Optimisation was achieved through the Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) technique, ensuring optimal conditions.
• These findings suggest that activated biochars could be effective for environmental applications.