Effect of Process Parameters on Force, Torque, Surface Morphology, and Hardness of Friction Stir-Welded AA2024 Alloy Plates

Key Points

• Friction stir welding significantly influences force and torque outcomes, enhancing surface quality.
• Torque was measured to be 150 Nm during the welding process at optimal parameters, indicating efficiency.
• Assessment using various process parameters revealed changes in surface morphology and hardness of the alloy.
• Surfaces achieved high hardness levels, underscoring the potential benefits for aerospace applications.