A review on the role of vorticity on convective heat transfer

This study investigates the thermal management of unstable convective heat transfer in fluids with temperature-dependent viscosity, focusing on the influence of vorticity and viscous diffusion on momentum and energy transport. The governing equations, formulated in terms of the stream function, vorticity, and temperature, are numerically solved to examine how thermal instability interacts with viscosity variations. The results indicate that increasing viscous diffusion enhances flow velocity while reducing temperature gradients, highlighting the strong coupling between vorticity dynamics and thermal conduction. Additionally, analysis of skin friction shows that vorticity intensification significantly impacts boundary layer behavior and heat transfer efficiency. These findings provide new insights into optimizing heat transfer in thermally unstable systems and contribute to improved thermal control in engineering and industrial applications.