Kinetic and isotherm modeling of Bi(III) adsorption by D2EHPA-functionalized PVC- and PVDF-HFP-based polymer inclusion membranes

Key Points

• Bi(III) adsorption reaches equilibrium at 60 minutes, highlighting effective kinetics.
• The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 95 mg/g, indicating strong interactions with membranes.
• Isotherm modeling analyzed various adsorption models to determine optimal performance metrics.
• Using D2EHPA-functionalized membranes enhances Bi(III) retention and suggests potential for wastewater treatment.