Perceived green and blue space, perceived biodiversity, and depression: Empirical evidence from China based on cultural ecosystem services

Key Points

• Perceived biodiversity significantly reduces symptoms of depression, indicating an important mental health connection.
• Research indicates that higher exposure to green and blue spaces correlates with lower depression levels in a surveyed population of 2,500 individuals.
• Observational analysis across various regions in China highlights the relevance of cultural ecosystem services and their role in mental well-being.
• Findings support the notion that enhancing urban green and blue spaces could provide mental health benefits, needing further exploration for wider applications.