Highly selective and reusable porphyrin-functionalized MCM-41 for efficient lead(II) removal from contaminated water: comprehensive adsorption study and real-water validation

Key Points

• Efficient lead removal was achieved with a high selectivity rating of over 90%.
• The maximum adsorption capacity observed was 75 mg/g within 24 hours of contact time.
• A comprehensive adsorption study was performed using batch methods to assess various parameters.
• Porphyrin-functionalized MCM-41 shows significant reusability over multiple cycles, enhancing its practicality.