Effects of different types of acidic nitrogen-enriched biochar on spinach growth, nitrogen use efficiency, and chemical properties of calcareous sandy soil

Key Points

• Spinach growth improves with nitrogen-enriched biochar, enhancing its nitrogen use efficiency significantly.
• Experiments revealed a notable 42% increase in nitrogen use efficiency when nitrogen-rich biochar was applied.
• Assessment using chemical property analysis of calcareous sandy soil shows beneficial changes due to biochar addition.
• This indicates that biochar may serve as an effective tool for improving soil fertility and crop yield.