Shared and Distinct Alterations in Brain Structure of Youth With Internalizing or Externalizing Disorders: Findings From the ENIGMA Antisocial Behavior, ADHD, Major Depressive Disorder, and Anxiety Working Groups

Key Points

• Youth with internalizing disorders show distinct alterations in brain structure compared to those with externalizing disorders.
• Findings indicate that major depressive disorder and ADHD impact brain structure uniquely, with observed variations in specific regions.
• Analysis from the ENIGMA working groups highlights significant findings from multiple large-scale neuroimaging datasets.
• Understanding these differences may improve treatment strategies and support targeted interventions for these disorders.