Association between the C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte index and cardiovascular incidence and mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease: a prospective study

The moderate-to-high CALLY index was significantly associated with a reduced risk of CVD events-including IHD, MI, and stroke, as well as lower all-cause and CVD-specific mortality. These findings suggest that the CALLY index, which integrates inflammatory, nutritional, and immunological markers, may serve as a potential biomarker for risk stratification in patients with CKD. Future longitudinal studies incorporating repeated assessments would be valuable to better characterize the temporal trajectory of the CALLY index and its association with cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with CKD, thereby improving causal inference.