A factor analysis-based urban planning evaluation towards sustainable urban development in urban Ethiopia

Well-managed urbanization helps to maximize the benefits of urban agglomeration, control urban sprawl, foster socio-economic activities, minimize environmental degradation, generate urban employment, and ensure a healthy working and living environment. In this regard, effective urban planning plays a crucial role in sustaining these developments. This study is dedicated to evaluating the role of urban planning in promoting sustainable urban development in selected towns in Southern Ethiopia. Both quantitative and qualitative research approaches were employed. Cultural, social, economic, ecological, and spatial integration factors were used to evaluate the role of urban planning towards sustainable urban development, with prioritisation analysed using the factor analysis method. Primary data were collected through surveys, interviews, and physical observations, while secondary data were obtained from spatial and non-spatial urban plans of the towns, as well as relevant literature. Thematic and narrative analysis methods were employed for qualitative data, while descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were utilised for quantitative data analysis, aided by the SPSS software tool. The major finding derived from the evidence collected through survey data confirmed that more than 90% of participants disagreed that the identified factors are adequately considered in the urban planning process in a way that ensures sustainable urban development. Moreover, interview results, physical observations, and evaluations of spatial and non-spatial planning documents also revealed that past and existing urban planning practices have had a minimal impact on promoting sustainable urban development across the above specified factors. Therefore, among other recommendations, this study strongly advocates for updating the existing urban planning approach promptly, shifting from a physical-biased urban planning approach to one that is human-centered. This can be achieved by adopting cultural, social, ecological, economic, and spatial factors as the primary principles in urban planning and implementation laws, guidelines, standards, and manuals.