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March 4, 2026Pace law review0 citations

Section 302(a)'s "Arising From" Nexus Element: Need For a Tune-Up in The Aftermath of Ford Motor?

MHMichael J. Hutter

Key Points

  • The aim is to assess the alignment of New York's long-arm statute with constitutional jurisdiction standards.
  • Tracked historical development of 'arising out of' and 'relate to' nexus requirements.
  • Examined state long-arm statutes evolution post-International Shoe Co.
  • Analyzed origins and judicial interpretations of C.P.L.R. § 302(a).
  • Concluded that New York's current statute does not reflect Supreme Court standards for specific jurisdiction.
  • Proposed adding 'relate to' to C.P.L.R. § 302(a) to improve compliance with Due Process.

Abstract

This article traces the historical development of the “arising out of” and “relate to” nexus requirements, examines the evolution of state long- arm statutes following International Shoe Co., and analyzes the origins and judicial interpretation of C.P.L.R. § 302(a). It argues that New York’s statutory scheme no longer fully reflects the constitutional scope of specific jurisdiction as articulated by the Supreme Court. The article concludes by proposing a legislative amendment to C.P.L.R. 302(a) to add the phrase “relate to,” thereby aligning New York’s long-arm statute with Due Process and better effectuating the statute’s underlying purpose of affording New York residents access to their courts.

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Cite This Study

Michael J. Hutter (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69a7cdaed48f933b5eeda485https://doi.org/10.58948/2331-3528.2142
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