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March 5, 2026South African Journal of BotanyOpen Access

Evidence of gynodioecy in Portulacaria pygmaea: Fruit production on predominantly staminate plants

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Authors

TKTakuya Kagawa

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Overview

Observations show gynodioecy and fruit production in predominantly staminate Portulacaria pygmaea, suggesting sexual flexibility.

Key Points

  • The aim is to document fruit production in predominantly staminate plants of Portulacaria pygmaea and explore its implications for sexual expression.
  • Identified fruit development on predominantly staminate plants of Portulacaria pygmaea during cultivation in Japan.
  • Conducted controlled pollination to validate fertility by confirming successful fertilization of female flowers.
  • Monitored a collection of over 20 cultivated plants under greenhouse and outdoor conditions.
  • Fruit developed on predominantly staminate plants, contrary to prior classifications as strictly dioecious.
  • Pollen from male flowers successfully fertilized female flowers, resulting in viable seeds with embryos.
  • Young seedlings exhibited characteristics of gynodioecy, indicating a propensity for sexual lability.

Cite This Study

Takuya Kagawa (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69a91d9bd6127c7a504c0913https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2026.02.050
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