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March 5, 2026Open Access

Educational Applications of AI-Based Chatbots in Nursing: A Scoping Review

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Authors

FFFrancisco FernandesRERúben EncarnaçãoJAJosé Alves

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Overview

Scoping review maps the use of AI chatbots in nursing education, suggesting benefits and challenges for effective integration.

Key Points

  • This review aims to explore the role of AI-based chatbots in nursing education, assessing their applications and impacts.
  • Conducted a scoping review based on Joanna Briggs Institute methodology.
  • Performed literature searches across major bibliographic databases and grey literature sources.
  • Included quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies related to AI chatbots in nursing education.
  • Extracted and synthesized data using standardized instruments and descriptive statistics.
  • Included 66 studies published between 2019 and 2025, with significant growth noted after 2023.
  • Majority of studies used quasi-experimental designs (37.9%) and took place in academic settings (83.3%).
  • Varied application formats included online, hybrid, simulation-based, and classroom models.
  • Reported benefits included enhanced learning performance, clinical reasoning, and increased student engagement.
  • Challenges identified were AI output reliability, academic integrity issues, data protection concerns, and limited governance.

Cite This Study

Fernandes et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69a91dedd6127c7a504c1443https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep16030087
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