Civil society acts as a crucial bridge in Indian democracy, linking citizens to state institutions through mobilization, oversight, and policy influence. This article examines its pivotal roles in enhancing participation, enforcing transparency, and advancing rights, drawing on cases like the Right to Information (RTI) campaign, Narmada Bachao Andolan, and Kerala’s Gram Sabhas. Despite challenges such as Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA) restrictions and political pressures, civil society sustains democratic vitality amid inequality and polarization. Findings highlight the need for enabling policies to strengthen this bridge, ensuring inclusive governance for India’s 1.4 billion citizens. The analysis underscores civil society’s indispensable function in preventing institutional erosion and promoting participatory democracy.
Prakash E. (2026) studied this question.