Mental health of caregivers for people with dementia and cerebral palsy as a key determinant of caregiver burden: a multivariable analysis

Background Informal caregiving plays a vital role in supporting dependent individuals; however, prolonged caregiving is associated with significant physical and psychological strain. Understanding factors associated with caregiver burden is essential for designing effective interventions to protect caregiver health and sustain long-term care systems. Objective To examine the associations between psychological, physical, and contextual factors on caregiver burden and to identify variables independently associated with caregiver burden. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 73 informal caregivers of people living with dementia or cerebral palsy who required substantial assistance in daily living. Standardized instruments were used to assess caregiver burden (Zarit Burden Interview), anxiety and depression (HADS), mental health and quality of life (SF-36), pain (VAS), and physical activity (IPAQ). Hierarchical multiple regression, mediation, and moderation analyses were performed. Results Mental health and anxiety showed the strongest independent associations of caregiver burden ( β = −0.396, p = 0.002; β = 0.243, p = 0.049, respectively), followed by musculoskeletal pain in the back and lower limbs. Patient-related variables, such as functional dependence or disability, were not directly associated with burden. Mediation analysis showed that mental health did not mediate the dependence-burden link. Moderation analysis did not reveal a statistically significant interaction effect. The final model explained over 60% of the variance in caregiver burden. Conclusion Caregiver mental health is a key determinant of perceived burden of caring for people with dementia and cerebral palsy, exerting a stronger influence than patient dependence or physical demands. Interventions should integrate psychological screening and mental health support to prevent caregiver distress and ensure a sustainable informal care.