Exploring the molecular mechanism of Qingzao Decoction in the treatment of IgA vasculitis through network pharmacology and molecular docking.

This study investigates the mechanism of action of Qingzao Decoction in improving IgA vasculitis (IgAV) through network pharmacology. Active compounds and targets of Qingzao Decoction, including Baizhu, Cangzhu, Huangqi, Huanglian, Chenpi, Wuweizi, Danggui, Renshen, Shengdihuang, Maidong, Zhuling, Huangbai, Chaihu, Shengma, Zexie, and Gancao, were screened from the TCMSP and HERB databases. IgAV-related target genes were identified through the GeneCards and OMIM databases. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the STRING database and Cytoscape software, followed by topological analysis. Enrichment analysis of gene ontology biological processes, molecular functions, cellular components, and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways was conducted using R4.4.1 software on the common targets of the drugs and disease. A "Chinese medicine components-disease targets" network diagram was constructed using Cytoscape 3.8.0 software. A total of 257 active components and 227 targets of Qingzao Decoction were identified, while 1604 IgAV-related targets were found. The intersection of drug and disease targets yielded 115 common targets. The protein-protein interaction network revealed that STAT3, MAPK1, ESR1, IL6, FOS, TP53, TNF, and IL1B may serve as core targets for Qingzao Decoction in the treatment of IgAV. gene ontology enrichment analysis identified 2539 entries, and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis identified 182 relevant signaling pathways, including the AGE-RAGE pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Qingzao Decoction exhibits multi-pathway and multi-target effects in the treatment of IgAV. Huangqi, Gancao, Huangbai, and Chaihu play key roles in the treatment of IgA vasculitis. The overall formulation may exert therapeutic effects by influencing inflammatory responses, immune regulation, apoptosis, and cell proliferation.