This paper derives the charged lepton mass spectrum from first principles using topological self-confinement of electromagnetic fields on the 3-sphere (S³). It identifies matter as topologically inverted light, governed by the Triadic Invariant (Pattern × Intent × Presence). The model contains no free parameters and predicts the muon and tau mass ratios to within 0. 13% and 0. 02% accuracy respectively.
Coty Austin Trout (Sat,) studied this question.