• The efficiency of off-grid renewable energy is enhanced by optimal financial allocation. • SDGs 7, 11, and 13 are addressed by hybrid microgrid solutions for rural electricity. • Better microgrid typologies for isolated locations in KPK and Sindh with various energy requirements. • KPIs evaluate the technical, financial, and environmental effects of MGs in KPK and Sindh. • For different discount rates, load demand, inflation rate, wind speed, solar irradiation, and lifespan, sensitivity analysis finds workable hybrids. Hybrid renewable energy systems are common in rural electrification as an inexpensive and eco-friendly alternative. For all these systems, such as techno-economic, sensitivity and environmental are discussed in this paper and the way in which these systems can be utilized in achieving sustainable development goals. Remote, unelectrified locations are identified using a geospatial analytic method. The suggested battery-powered PV-hydro-B-DG system for Ayun Chitral provided the lowest LCOE and NPC of 692, 000 and 0. 0880/kWh, in that order. On the other hand, the maximum NPC and the LCOE of 2, 460, 000 and 0. 212/kWh are provided by PV with a battery storage system. The installation of microgrids powered by renewable energy sources is predicted to cut emissions by up to 95. 35%. Nowshera has the highest DG contribution and emits 20, 911 kg of GHG annually. To guarantee the technological dependability of the suggested system, a thorough investigation is conducted. Sensitivity analysis looks at the effects of unclear parameters on both NPC and LCOE. This paper provides a comparison of proposed system with the existing literature in terms of LCOE and NPC. This research provides a pathway for U. N. -SDGs and for Pakistan to achieve its own target of renewable expansion.
Yaqub et al. (2026) studied this question.