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March 10, 2026Ophthalmology and Therapy0 citationsOpen Access

Artificial Intelligence in Vitreoretinal Surgery: A Systematic Review of Current Applications and Future Directions

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EBEnrico BernardiLDLorenzo Ferro DesideriNSNeil Shah

Key Points

  • This review examines the current applications of AI in vitreoretinal surgery and its future implications.
  • Systematic review of existing literature on AI in vitreoretinal procedures.
  • Assessment of AI applications in outcome prediction, surgical guidance, and workflow support.
  • Evaluation of the challenges for broader clinical adoption of AI technologies.
  • AI has shown strong performance in predicting surgical outcomes and assisting surgeons during procedures.
  • There is a critical need for prospective validation to ensure AI's reliability in real-world settings.
  • Current applications have not yet achieved widespread clinical use, emphasizing a gap in implementation.

Abstract

AI may transform vitreoretinal surgery, from outcome prediction to intraoperative guidance and workflow support. Despite strong performance in research settings, broader clinical adoption requires prospective validation to ensure reliability, transparency, and real-world benefit.

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Cite This Study

Bernardi et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69af952b70916d39fea4c7a6https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-026-01347-8
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