The paper addresses the urgent problem of transitioning from a “passive” occupational safety control model to “preventive” occupational health and safety management in construction using modern digital technologies. The need for this transition is driven by the emerging prerequisites in the legislative sphere, such as the “risk-based approach,” as well as in the economic and management spheres. The inefficiency of traditional methods of controlling occupational safety in construction is demonstrated by the example of identifying violations and response procedures, which have a “reactive” nature, focusing on detecting and recording already occurred violations. The challenges of transitioning to a preventive occupational safety management system are primarily associated with the fragmentation of construction processes and the lack of coordination possibilities, which have hindered implementing integrated management systems. As a solution, the paper proposes the implementation of a decision support system (DSS) built on an ERP platform, integrating building information modeling (BIM), digital twins, and a manufacturing execution system (MES) for the managed object. The platform utilizes a set of Industry 4.0 technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT), computer vision, and real-time operating systems (RTOS), to create a unified management environment. The paper presents a model of the occupational safety system state in the form of graphs, reflecting the transition from “passive” control to “active” preventive occupational safety management on a construction site. The proposed approach enables assessing occupational safety levels in real-time “pseudo-real-time” and predicting negative scenarios to generate proactive control actions, which significantly enhances occupational safety in construction.
A 2026 study studied this question.