It is appropriate to use this technique in patients with adequate inflow and outflow, but with focal vein stenoses or short, thickened vein segments that preclude the use of a standard AVF. This hybrid approach, combining principles of patch venoplasty and bovine pericardial bypass grafting, may be used as a salvage option in selected patients with focal venous stenotic lesions considered for native arteriovenous fistula creation.
Fanariotis et al. (2026) studied this question.