• Selected sine-wave structure offers a suitable modulus and a high Poisson's ratio. • Visualization of bone resorption is developed and applied for implant assessment. • The sine-wave implant shows natural stress distribution and reduced bone resorption. • Yield and fatigue FoS confirm the sine-wave implant's long-term durability. Root analogue implants (RAIs) provide a superior anatomical fit and immediate placement compared to traditional screw-threaded implants. However, the stiffness mismatch between Ti6Al4V and natural bone often results in stress shielding and compromised long-term stability. In this study, sine-wave honeycomb porous structures with tunable Poisson’s ratio and Young’s modulus were optimised from conventional honeycomb structure via finite element analysis (FEA). The selected structures were then fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and experimentally validated using digital image correlation (DIC). The sine-wave honeycomb structure was incorporated into a porous RAI design and evaluated through FEA for stress shielding, bone resorption, and fatigue performance. Compared with solid, conventional honeycomb, and TPMS gyroid counterparts, the sine-wave honeycomb RAI exhibited the lowest stress shielding (2.40% vs. 29.07% for solid RAI), minimal bone resorption (7.71% vs. 24.62% for solid RAI), and the highest fatigue safety factor (Soderberg fatigue factor: 1.34 vs. 1.16 for TPMS gyroid and 0.71 for conventional honeycomb). These results demonstrate that the sine-wave honeycomb RAI effectively mitigates stress shielding and bone loss while maintaining structural integrity, offering a promising strategy for next-generation porous dental implants.
Lin et al. (Sun,) studied this question.