Abstract Standard cosmology predicts equal production of matter and antimatter in the early Universe, which should have annihilated completely, leaving only radiation. Yet we observe a tiny baryon asymmetry η = nb / n_γ ≈ 6 × 10⁻¹⁰ — one extra baryon per billion particle–antiparticle pairs — allowing atoms, stars, and life to exist. Global Complexity–Stability Theory (GCST) interprets this asymmetry not as an ad-hoc CP-violating parameter, but as the inevitable outcome of a Rate-Induced Transition when the complexity growth rate α overwhelmed the symmetric recovery capacity γ. The stability index dropped below 1 during a brief “instability window” (electroweak phase transition era, t ≈ 10⁻¹² s), forcing irreversible accumulation of structural debt D in the form of excess baryons. GCST generalizes the Sakharov conditions: baryon number violation, CP violation, and departure from equilibrium are necessary but not sufficient — the thermodynamic trigger is the transient G < 1 regime that selects the direction of debt accumulation.
Roman Lukin (2026) studied this question.