ABSTRACT This study proposes a low‐cost, Arduino‐based walking interface designed to enhance user immersion in virtual reality (VR) content. The interface detects various walking motions such as walking, running, and limping, and reflects these movements in the virtual environment to deepen the user's sense of immersion. To achieve this, a sensor device based on Arduino was developed to analyze acceleration data from a gyroscope sensor. This data was then integrated with the Unity3D engine to synchronize character animations and first‐person visual effects. Additionally, a multi‐user environment was implemented using Bluetooth connectivity with mobile devices, allowing both head‐mounted display (HMD) and non‐HMD users to share the same virtual experience. Owing to its low cost and high compatibility, this interface can provide an immersive VR experience not only for general users but also for those with mobility impairments, suggesting its potential for applications in fields such as healthcare, education, and psychological rehabilitation.
Jong‐Hyun Kim (2026) studied this question.