This scientific article analyzes hematopoiesis, the process of formation, development, and maturation of blood cells in the human body, from histological and physiological perspectives. The structure and functions of hematopoietic stem cells, their ability for self-renewal, and their differentiation into various blood cell lineages are described based on scientific literature. The article also discusses the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in hematopoiesis and provides detailed information about erythropoiesis, leukopoiesis, and thrombopoiesis. In addition, the contributions of prominent scientists who significantly advanced the study of hematopoiesis are briefly reviewed. Modern scientific studies show that hematopoietic stem cells possess the ability to self-renew and differentiate under the influence of cytokines and growth factors. The stromal microenvironment of the bone marrow also plays an important regulatory role in this process. This article aims to explain the theoretical foundations of hematopoiesis in the fields of histology, hematology, and medical biology, and it may serve as a useful scientific resource for medical students and researchers.
Chorshanbiyev et al. (2026) studied this question.