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March 14, 2026Journal of Clinical MedicineOpen Access

Who Is the Surgeon Now: Human Hands or Machine Minds? Artificial Intelligence in Orthopedics from Diagnosis to Follow-Up—A Structured Narrative Review

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FYFurkan Yapıcı

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Overview

Structured review highlights AI's role in enhancing orthopedic outcomes, suggesting a collaborative approach with surgeons.

Key Points

  • To evaluate how artificial intelligence can support orthopedic surgery through diagnosis and follow-up.
  • Conducted a structured narrative review of AI in orthopedics using PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.
  • Included 73 peer-reviewed studies focused on AI applications for orthopedic clinical problems.
  • Organized evidence using a four-axis framework: clinical task, data modality, validation maturity, and intended user/setting.
  • Retrospective, imaging-centered studies dominated, primarily focused on radiograph-based fracture detection.
  • Automated measurements showed high discrimination but declined in complex cases.
  • Predictive models for arthroplasty and spine outcomes exhibited variable effectiveness and poor calibration reporting.
  • Common barriers to implementation included limited validation and the need for more prospective studies.

Cite This Study

Furkan Yapıcı (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69b4fc7fb39f7826a300d5b0https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15062165
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