Detection of viral and bacterial infections by means of Filmarray at a Tertiary Hospital in Greece

Abstract Introduction: Respiratory Viruses (RVs) and bacteria are the main cause of pulmonary infections that affect the community population. They consist major public health concern with high impact in the health care systems. Their seasonal circulation is of great importance for the public health sector. Aim: The aim of the present study is to investigate the presence of RVs and bacteria in patients who visited the outpatients department, as well as in patients hospitalized at the GHNP “Agios Panteleimon” during 2024. Materials and Methods: In the study 483 patients, 272 male (56.3%) and 271 female (43.7%) were included. Patient age ranged from 1 to 98 years (mean 69.46 y; SD 13.49 y). Samples were collected from January to December 2024. Identification of bacteria (Bordetella pertussis, Mycoplasma pneumonia), and RVs (Adenovirus, Corona virus 229E, Corona virus HKU 1, Corona virus NL 63, Corona virus OCH3, Corona virus OCK3, Human metapneumovirus, Influenza A, Influenza AH3, Influenza B, Parainfluenza 3 virus, Parainfluenza 1 virus, RSV and SARS-CoV-2) was performed by the FILM ARRAY Multiplex PCR System. Results: From epidemiological aspect maximum peak occurred in March, following Christmas and winter vacation, as well as the effect of low temperature and elevated humidity levels during winter months. During spring and early summer we observed also a significant increase in infections, due to climate change in the country. Moreover, a significant elevation of infections was observed during August, September and October, following summer vacation, as well as the return to school and work, and the consequent close contact in classrooms and working areas. Statistical significance between the result positivity with patient gender or patient age was not observed. Conclusions: Our study revealed seasonality of the infections. Early detection and surveillance of viral and bacterial infection can help in better organization, management and economic efficiency for the health care system.