Influence of Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites on the Nutrient Composition

ABSTRACT Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative tool in the domains of agriculture and food sciences, impacting the nutritional value and bioavailability of plants and food systems. Examples of nanomaterials that have demonstrated significant promise in improving nutrient absorption, increasing soil fertility, and fortifying food products include metal‐based nanoparticles (ZnO, TiO2, Ag, Cu), carbon‐based nanomaterials (graphene, carbon nanotubes), and polymer‐based nanocomposites. Their molecular interactions with vital nutrients, however, continue to be a crucial field of study. By analyzing how nanomaterials affect soil nutrient availability, plant absorption methods, and metabolic pathways, this review investigates how they affect nutrient composition. The intake and distribution of macronutrients (phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen) and micronutrients (zinc, magnesium, and iron) are altered by nanoparticle absorption in plants, which results in modifications to plant growth, the generation of secondary metabolites, and stress tolerance. Furthermore, nutrient delivery systems powered by nanotechnology improve the nutritional profile of functional foods and edible plants by increasing the bioavailability of important vitamins, polyphenols, and flavonoids. By enabling nutritional fortification and preservation through nano‐encapsulation, nanomaterials enhance the stability and digestibility of nutrients in food systems. The creation of functional meals and nutraceuticals possible by nanotechnology offers fresh possibilities for tackling the problems of food security and malnutrition worldwide. However, strict safety evaluations and regulatory frameworks are required due to worries about nanomaterial toxicity, bioaccumulation, and other health hazards. With a focus on ecologically sustainable nanomaterial manufacturing, green synthesis methods, and ways to reduce hazards to human health and the environment, this review also highlights future research potential in sustainable nanotechnology applications for nutrient management. By combining precision agriculture, food science, and nanotechnology, global food systems could become safer, more sustainable, and more nutritionally efficient.