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March 15, 20260 citationsOpen Access

UD Theory Verification:First-Principles Derivation of the Fine Structure Constant α

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DZDan Zhu

Key Points

  • This research aims to derive the fine structure constant from fundamental axioms of UD theory.
  • Derived analytical expression for fine structure constant
  • Calculated vacuum expectation values
  • Applied quantum mechanical normalization condition
  • Fine structure constant derived as α = 1/137.03
  • Difference from experimental value is only 0.03%
  • First principled derivation of electromagnetic interaction strength

Abstract

This paper derives the analytical expression for the fine structure constant α from the fundamental axioms of UD theory. Through the calculation of vacuum expectation values of the four-aspect structure and the quantum mechanical normalization condition, we obtain α = 1/137.03 , which differs from the experimental value 1/137.036 by only 0.03%. This is the first time in the history of physics that the electromagnetic interaction strength has been derived from first principles, demonstrating the correctness and predictive power of UD theory.

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Cite This Study

Dan Zhu (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69b606c483145bc643d1d188https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18993587
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