Lipid profile patterns in comorbid patients with arterial hypertension and bronchial asthma

Abstract Introduction The comorbidity of arterial hypertension (AH) and bronchial asthma (BA) is associated with complex metabolic changes, including alterations in lipid metabolism. Dyslipidemia may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, increased cardiovascular risk, and worsening asthma control. Understanding lipid profile variations across asthma severity levels in hypertensive patients can help identify potential targets for metabolic correction and improve management outcomes. Purpose To evaluate and compare lipid profile parameters in patients with a combination of AH and BA of varying severity. Methods A total of 153 patients were examined, from whom five groups were formed: two comparison groups, including patients with uncomplicated AH (n = 30) and patients with uncomplicated BA (n = 32), and three groups of patients with comorbid AH and BA of varying severity, where patients with mild BA formed a group of 26 individuals (BAMiAH, n = 26), moderate severity (BAMoAH, n = 34), and severe BA (BASAH, n = 31). Lipid parameters measured included total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG. A significance threshold of p 0.0127 was applied. Results TC levels were significantly higher in patients with AH and severe BA (p = 0.005). LDL-C values were elevated in BASAH compared to isolated AH and BAMiAH groups (p = 0.011, p = 0.0123). HDL-C levels were significantly lower in BASAH compared to AH, BA, and BAMiAH (p = 0.010, p = 0.006, p = 0.011). TG were higher in BASAH compared to BAMiAH (p = 0.010) and BA (p = 0.004). Correlations revealed inverse moderate associations between TC (r = – 0.51, p = 0.0093), LDL-C (r = – 0.44, p = 0.0017), TG (r = –0.36, p = 0.011) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1); a direct moderate correlation between HDL-C (r = 0.67, p = 0.0052) and FEV1; a direct correlation between TC (r = 0.18, p = 0.003), LDL-C (r = 0.24, p = 0.016), TG (r = 0.33, p = 0.0071) and weekly salbutamol dose; and an inverse correlation between HDL-C (r = – 0.67, p = 0.0052) and weekly salbutamol dose (Fig.1). Conclusions Dyslipidemia and hypercholesterolemia progressively increase with the severity of BA in patients with AH. The correlations suggest that worsening lipid metabolism is associated with reduced pulmonary function and higher bronchodilator demand, emphasizing the importance of lipid monitoring and correction in this patient population.For image description, please refer to the figure legend and surrounding text.