Accidents with venomous animals occur through contact with species that possess venom glands, with high morbidity and mortality potential in humans, especially without rapid care. The incidence of this condition is strongly related to the season of the year. This study analyzed the epidemiological scenario of accidents in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) between 2020 and 2024, considering the influence of the subtropical climate, with the objective of understanding the relationship between temperature and the number of cases. Ecological study with data on cases and months of the year for accidents in RS between 2020 and 2024, obtained from SINAN via DATASUS. Incidence per 100,000 inhabitants was calculated using IBGE state population data by month. For temporal analysis, a graph was created relating month, season of the year, and average temperature. Temperatures were obtained from meteorological stations listed in SIMAGRO and INMET and converted to a simple monthly mean for each analyzed year, relating to climatic seasons. The association between climatic factors and cases was verified using the chi-square test (p < 0.001) and the Walter–Elwood seasonality test with a critical value in the evaluated years (p < 0.001). The months and seasons with the highest incidence rates were those with the highest average temperature, with emphasis on summer. Summer incidence (8.8) compared with autumn (8.09) decreased by 8%, and compared with spring, by 34% (5.84), and finally in winter by about 70% (2.64). The average temperatures of these seasons, compared with summer, show reductions of 6°C, 3.7°C, and 9°C, respectively. The analysis showed a significant difference in the reduction of cases in the colder seasons of the year and an increase in seasons with higher temperatures, a pattern compatible with the humid subtropical climate of RS, with hot summers and harsh winters, which influences the behavior of venomous animals. Because they are poikilothermic animals (caterpillars, snakes, insects, and arachnids), they require higher temperatures to maintain their metabolic activity, becoming more inactive in the cold. Wearing long clothing and lower environmental exposure also contribute to the reduction in incidence. The role of the Centro de Informação Toxicológica do RS (CIT/RS) is highlighted, which provides 24-hour technical support to health professionals and the population, contributing to appropriate clinical management.
Bueno et al. (2026) studied this question.