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March 17, 2026Indian Journal of Public Administration0 citations

A Comparative Analysis of the Performance of Bihar and Kerala Towards the Advancement of SDG 4 and an Elucidation of Bihar’s Conundrums

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NNNahida Begum N.

Key Points

  • The research aims to evaluate and compare the performance of Bihar and Kerala in achieving SDG 4, particularly in education metrics.
  • Comparative analysis of educational parameters related to SDG 4
  • Assessment of gross enrolment ratios at higher secondary and university levels
  • Evaluation of gender parity index in higher education
  • Discussion of factors affecting enrolment ratios in Bihar
  • Kerala demonstrates higher gross enrolment ratios compared to Bihar
  • The gender parity index is significantly better in Kerala than in Bihar
  • Identified factors contributing to low enrolment in Bihar include socio-economic barriers and infrastructural issues

Abstract

Of the 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs), which the countries across the globe endeavour to achieve, realising SDG 4 constitutes a significant milestone in the progress and advancement of the country. This article makes a comparative analysis of the selected parameters of SDG 4 in Bihar and Kerala. It makes an all-inclusive analysis of the Gross Enrolment Ratio at the higher secondary school, university level and Gender Parity Index for higher education. Besides, various factors responsible for the low enrolment ratio at different levels of education in Bihar are discussed.

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Cite This Study

Nahida Begum N. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69b8f0fddeb47d591b8c5c38https://doi.org/10.1177/00195561261427573
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