In vitro efficiency analysis of different β-tri-calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite doped bacterial cellulose-polyvinylpyrrolidone composite hydrogel for bone tissue repair

Abstract The study emphasizes an in-depth in vitro efficiency analysis of bacterial cellulose (BC) -polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) composite hydrogel scaffolds which are doped with different concentrations of β-tri-calcium phosphate (β-TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HA). The hydrogels are prepared with the natural polymer, BC, and synthetic polymer, PVP. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is also used as an anti-cytotoxic agent and agar is used as a gelling agent. β-TCP and HA were given in the ratio (w/w): 20: 80 (BC-PVP- β-TCP/HA₂0: 80), 40: 60 (BC-PVP-β-TCP/HA₄0: 60), 50: 50 (BC-PVP-β-TCP/HA₅0: 50). In vitro efficacy of the different tri-calcium phosphate (β-TCP) and hydroxyapatite BC-PVP composite hydrogel scaffolds are analyzed through comparative analysis of the cell viability with human osteosarcoma cell line, Saos-2 and human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). Notable cell viability is found with the scaffolds. Additionally, Ki-67 protein expression confirmed the cell proliferation without any significant cyto-pathological effects. Furthermore, significant expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was observed with BC-PVP- β-TCP/HA₂0: 80 and BC-PVP- β-TCP/HA₅0: 50 scaffolds. Finally, SEM study indicated the notable adhesion and proliferation of Saos-2 on to the surface of the hydrogel scaffolds. Thus, these studies indicate the in vitro effectiveness of different tri-calcium phosphate (β-TCP) and hydroxyapatite doped BC-PVP composite hydrogel scaffolds and therefore recommended for further studies for bone tissue repair application.