Infrared Nanospectroscopy for Catalysis and Electrochemistry: From Table‐Top Lasers to Synchrotron Radiation and Free Electron Lasers

Catalytic materials and electrochemical interfaces play vital roles in energy conversion, where nanoscale heterogeneity governs activity and stability. Infrared (IR) nanospectroscopy integrates the nanoscale spatial resolution of atomic force microscopy (AFM) with the chemical specificity of IR spectroscopy, enabling chemical identification at the nanoscale. In this Concept, we first outline the operating principles of two key techniques, scattering scanning near‐field optical microscopy (s‐SNOM) and AFM‐based IR spectroscopy (AFM‐IR). We then discuss recent progress in IR light sources, ranging from table‐top laser to synchrotron radiation and free‐electron lasers, which have greatly expanded the accessible spectral range and measurement versatility. Finally, we summarize representative studies in catalysis and electrochemistry, including nanoscale structural characterization, spatial mapping of adsorbates, and in situ/operando detection of electrochemical interfaces. The opportunities and challenges for advancing IR nanospectroscopy towards realistic catalytic and electrochemical environments are also discussed.