Abstract Optical waves carry rich information in their spatial profiles and topological structures. Characterization of optical wavefronts is a key prerequisite in broad applications across fundamental research and industrial technologies. However, existing wavefront sensing techniques typically compromise between spatiotemporal resolution, compactness, and versatility. Here, we present Spatial And Fourier-domAin Regularized Inversion (SAFARI), a computational wavefront sensing approach that exploits the intrinsic physical properties such as smoothness to enable reliable reconstruction of complex wavefronts from a single exposure. Using a compact, diffuser-based wavefront sensor, we experimentally demonstrate single-shot, reference-less characterization of diverse complex wavefronts, including aberrations with up to 200 Zernike modes, structured beams carrying a topological charge of 150, and speckle fields containing more than 190,000 spatial modes. The proposed wavefront sensor offers high versatility while achieving performance comparable to or surpassing state-of-the-art task-specific solutions, making it a promising tool for coherent imaging and sensing at unprecedented resolution and complexity.
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Gao et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
www.synapsesocial.com/papers/69ba430d4e9516ffd37a3e4c — DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02241-5
Yunhui Gao
Liangcai Cao
Din Ping Tsai
Light Science & Applications
Tsinghua University
City University of Hong Kong
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