CRISPR-cas9-Mediated Gene Editing to Reverse Oncogenic Mutations in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a genetically driven malignancy characterized by a high burden of oncogenic mutations that contribute to aggressive tumor behavior, therapeutic resistance, and poor survival outcomes. Conventional treatment modalities largely target downstream molecular pathways without correcting the underlying genetic aberrations, underscoring the need for precision-based therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and functional impact of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing in reversing oncogenic mutations associated with OSCC using an in vitro experimental model. Materials and Methods: A controlled in vitro experimental study was conducted using the established human OSCC cell lines harboring mutations in key oncogenic genes. Cells were divided into control, mock-transfected, and CRISPR-Cas9–edited groups. Target-specific single-guide RNAs were designed to correct oncogenic mutations using advanced CRISPR-based editing platforms. Gene-editing efficiency was validated by molecular assays, while functional outcomes were assessed using cell proliferation analysis. Statistical evaluation was done using the one-way ANOVA with significance set at P < 0.05. Results: CRISPR-Cas9–edited OSCC cells demonstrated a significant reduction in cell proliferation compared to control and mock-transfected groups ( P < 0.001). No significant variation was found between control and mock-transfected cells, confirming minimal procedural influence. Conclusion: CRISPR-Cas9-mediated correction of oncogenic mutations effectively suppresses malignant cellular proliferation in OSCC, highlighting its promising role as a precision therapeutic strategy in oral cancer management.