Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Euphorbia Caducifolia : in vitro Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antibiofilm Activities

ABSTRACT Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) sustainable approach when compared to chemical synthesis to avoid the use of toxic agents. The present study reports the synthesis of AgNPs using the aqueous extract of Euphorbia caducifolia ( E. caducifolia ). An absorbance peak at 415 nm was observed for AgNPs, displaying surface plasmon resonance in the UV‐visible spectrum. GC mass spectrum were conducted to identify the phytochemical constituents. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of plant extract and EC@AgNPs shows broad band observed at 3500‐3200 cm −1 , which represents phenolic hydroxyl groups act as reducing and stabilizing agents in the bio‐reduction. x‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows the face‐cantered cubic structure with pure crystallinity of EC@AgNPs. The Raman spectrum displayed bands at 1580 and 1350 cm −1 , that is linked with C–C stretching modes with an affinity for covalently attached oxygen functionalities. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images revealed that irregular shaped EC@AgNPs with a range of 10‐40 nm. The antioxidant activity of AgNPs was determined by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (IC 50 ‐ 54.80 µg/ml) and 2,2'‐azino‐bis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) (IC 50 ‐ 35 µg/ml) free radical scavenging activities. AgNPs show robust antibacterial efficacy against bacteria ( E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae , and C. diphtheriae ).