The Russian-Ukrainian war, which began in 2022, was a major shock to European countries, which had believed they had left direct military conflicts since the Cold War. This war also brought back to the forefront traditional warfare in its old form, based on conventional weapons and territorial control. All of these concerns had serious repercussions for the European continent in general, including economic repercussions, particularly in the energy sector, and security repercussions that threaten its national security and political future. Added to this were the political repercussions resulting from the divergence of positions between allies such as the United States and other European countries, as well as the inability of international institutions, which were founded on European principles and traditions, to find peaceful solutions to this conflict. Finally, the chances of the threat persisting or moving toward peace depend largely on who will make the greatest concessions. This is theoretically impossible in the European case, as it will suffer significant losses, having supported the war from the beginning and not wishing to lose now. Russia also seeks to strengthen its political position after its military superiority in controlling the territories of eastern Ukraine.
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Helwe Hammad
University of Anbar
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Helwe Hammad (Mon,) studied this question.
www.synapsesocial.com/papers/69ba43984e9516ffd37a4f4e — DOI: https://doi.org/10.63677/jqlap.2025.159419.1316
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