Advancing Physiotherapy in Genetically Related Movement Disorders: Interventions and Future Perspectives

A bstract Background: Movement disorders comprise a heterogeneous group of neurological conditions characterized by abnormalities in muscle tone, posture, and voluntary movement patterns. These disorders may manifest as hypokinetic syndromes, marked by reduced movement, or hyperkinetic syndromes, involving excessive involuntary movements. Genetically mediated movement disorders, including Huntington’s disease (HD) and Friedreich’s ataxia, are associated with significant motor dysfunction and diminished quality of life (QoL). Aim: This review examines current evidence-based physiotherapy interventions for the management of genetic movement disorders and highlights their role in optimizing functional outcomes. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate databases. Articles published between 2000 and 2024 were included based on relevance, availability of full text, and publication in English. Studies not related to genetic movement disorders or physiotherapy-based interventions were excluded from the study to maintain focus and methodological rigor. Results: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria and evaluated the role of physiotherapy in genetic movement disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, HD, and Friedreich’s ataxia. The findings consistently demonstrate that physiotherapy interventions improve motor performance, gait parameters, balance, and functional independence while reducing disability. Emerging therapeutic approaches, such as gene therapy and enzyme replacement therapy, were identified as adjuncts that may enhance the effectiveness of physiotherapy. Interventions including task-specific training, sensory cueing, and balance-oriented exercises were frequently reported as beneficial. Conclusion: Physiotherapy constitutes an essential component of multidisciplinary management for individuals with genetic movement disorders. Targeted rehabilitation strategies address neuromotor impairments and contribute to improved functional capacity and QoL. Early diagnosis combined with individualized physiotherapy interventions may optimize long-term outcomes. Furthermore, high-quality research is required to develop standardized physiotherapy protocols for this population.