Retrofitting the UK’s diverse building stock is a critical yet complex task, essential to achieving long-term energy efficiency, security, resilience, health and well-being and sustainability. The UK currently faces rising energy costs, ambitious net zero targets and an ageing building portfolio, putting building professionals under increasing pressure to develop effective retrofit strategies. This paper examines the practical aspects of retrofitting, including asset-level assessment, strategic planning and occupant engagement, while also addressing the risks and opportunities associated with different building types. Surveyors, building consultants, architects and engineers play a crucial role in understanding building conditions and coordinating retrofit projects. Standards such as PAS 2035 and PAS 2038 provide structured guidance, helping professionals manage risks and achieve sustainable improvements. While considerate retrofit adds lasting value, including benefits in terms of energy security, property value increases, avoidance of fuel poverty, affordability and sustainability, incorrect or inappropriate actions can lead to unintended consequences. A specialist approach is always recommended. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https:// hstalks.com/business/.
Tassos Kougionis (2026) studied this question.