This study investigates the influence of non-financial incentives, particularly convenience policy measures, which are often under-explored in an emerging Asian market. It analyses the impact of convenience policy measures alongside behavioural and structural factors using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The findings indicate that convenience policy measures, such as exemptions for BEVs from traffic restrictions, including odd-even number plates, electronic road pricing schemes and dedicated parking, play a pivotal role in shaping adoption intention, particularly when mediated by facilitating conditions. Key predictors of BEV adoption, including perceived environmental benefit, personal innovativeness, and price value, were significant, while performance expectancy and social influence were insignificant. The study highlights the critical importance of enabling infrastructure and targeted policies in driving sustainable transportation behaviours. This study highlights that providing convenience through policy is insufficient to persuade consumers to adopt BEVs directly. It needs robust facilitating conditions, such as well-developed infrastructure, supportive resources, and clear policy implementation.
Hidayat et al. (2026) studied this question.