This research evaluates the environmental impacts of sodium-ion battery systems in grid-scale storage, suggesting vital insights for energy policy and design.
Key Points
The aim is to assess the environmental impacts of sodium-ion battery systems and their balance-of-system components.
Establishment of a life cycle inventory model for two types of container storage systems.
Conducting a full life cycle assessment focusing on sodium-ion batteries and their associated components.
In-depth analysis of the impacts of balance-of-system components like thermal management systems and power converters.
Balance-of-system components contribute 32-58% to global warming potential and 63-88% to resource use.
Sodium-ion batteries show competitive environmental impacts compared to lithium-ion batteries.
Proper design and recycling can reduce the environmental impacts of transformers significantly.