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March 21, 2026Biology of Sex Differences0 citationsOpen Access

Sex-influenced DNA methylation differs by placental cell type

JHJiyoung HanAIAmy M. InksterVYVictor Yuan

Key Points

  • The central aim is to investigate how sex chromosome complement affects DNA methylation in different placental cell types.
  • Analysis of DNA methylation in various placental cell types.
  • Comparison of methylation patterns between endothelial/stromal and other cell types.
  • Examination of cell-type differences in relation to sex chromosomes.
  • Lack of X-linked promoter DNA methylation in extraembryonic mesoderm-derived cells.
  • Observed differences in autosomal DNA methylation aligned with relationships of sex chromosomes.
  • Findings suggest that sex chromosome complement may have distinct impacts on pregnancy outcomes based on placental cell type.

Abstract

The lack of X-linked promoter DNAme in extraembryonic mesoderm-derived cells (endothelial/stromal) is consistent with a distinct developmental origin of these populations relative to the other placental and umbilical cell types. Autosomal DNAme also showed cell-type differences in alignment with cellular relationships observed for sex chromosomes. This work suggests the effects of sex chromosome complement on pregnancy outcomes may differ by placental cell type.

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Cite This Study

Han et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69be36f76e48c4981c6763fbhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-026-00869-x
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