Catalytic Applications of MXene-Based Materials and Their Derivatives

MXenes, a fast-growing family of 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides (Mn+1XnTx), have demonstrated remarkable catalytic potential because of their layered structure, tunable surface terminations, and metallic conductivity. They are perfect for important processes, including CO2 reduction, water splitting, nitrogen fixation, and pollutant degradation because of their special physicochemical characteristics, which allow for effective charge transfer, robust interfacial contacts, and active-site control. Recent developments in MXene-based catalytic systems are highlighted in this review, with a focus on surface functionalization, hybridization with materials such as MOFs, COFs, and carbon nanostructures, and correlations between structure, property, and performance. The discussion outlines how these characteristics lead to improved activity, selectivity, and stability, directing the logical development of catalysts derived from MXene for environmentally friendly and sustainable energy applications.