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March 22, 2026Acta PhysiologicaOpen Access

Signal Amplification in the HPT Axis—Evidence for Its Existence, Location, Significance, and Molecular Mechanisms

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Authors

LJLi JingSMSarahna A. MoydQZQiang Zhang

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Overview

Review identifies quantitative feedback mechanisms in the HPT axis, highlighting signal amplification via neuroendocrine pathways.

Key Points

  • To explore and synthesize the literature on signal amplification in the HPT axis and its implications for thyroid hormone regulation.
  • Review of human studies on TSH-T4 relationship
  • Application of mathematical models to illustrate feedback dynamics
  • Analysis of neuroendocrine molecular mechanisms
  • Evidence for signal amplification located in the brain
  • Identification of multiple signaling pathways in TRH neurons and thyrotropes
  • Demonstrated influence of T3 signal on feedback loop gain

Cite This Study

Jing et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69bf3955c7b3c90b18b43ccehttps://doi.org/10.1111/apha.70202
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