Preliminary in vivo hematological parameters evaluation in rats of biosynthesized iron-oxide/silver nanocomposite mediated by Moringa oleifera extract

In vivo hematological studies of iron-oxide (IO) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) in their nanocomposites (NCs) forms are essential for sustainable biomedical applications. Thus, this study aimed to present a preliminary in vivo evaluation of hematological parameters of biosynthesized IO/Ag NCs facilitated by Moringa oleifera (MO) extract in rats. IO/Ag NCs were fabricated using the coprecipitation method with the assistance of MO extract. 3-Aminopropyl trimethoxy silane enabled Ag to attach to the bare IO surface. The as-biosynthesized NCs displayed two distinct crystalline phases, i.e., 92 % of Fe3O4 and 8 % of Ag, with a quasi-spherical form and ultrasmall size of 8.8 nm, featuring Ag NPs attached to the IO surface in a conventional structure. The soft-ferromagnetic properties of the NCs exhibited a 27% reduction in saturation magnetization upon Ag attachment at room temperature, accompanied by minor changes in coercivity and remanence. In vivo tests revealed that phytochemicals likely have minimal-to-mild immunomodulatory effects. Furthermore, phytochemicals possibly protect cell membranes against oxidation and hemolysis, while IO NPs stimulate erythropoiesis. IO/Ag NCs potentially exhibit lower risks compared to treatments with only IO NPs, suggesting their suitability for further systemic biocompatibility studies.